The voltage supplied to electrostatic precipitators is in the range of ____________ volts.

Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) work by using high-voltage direct current (DC) electricity to charge particles in a gas stream, allowing those particles to be collected efficiently. The voltage range typically supplied to these devices is substantial, between 10,000 and 100,000 volts DC. This high-voltage direct current is necessary to effectively ionize the air around the particles, creating ions that can attach to the particulate matter.

When particles become charged, they can be drawn towards collection plates within the precipitator, effectively removing them from the gas flow. The range of 10,000-100,000 volts DC is optimal for producing the electric fields needed to influence the behavior of the particles being collected, ensuring high efficiency in the removal process.

In contrast, options that refer to AC voltage or lower voltage ranges do not align with the operational requirements of electrostatic precipitators, which are specifically designed to work with high-voltage DC for effective particle charge manipulation and collection.