What is the role of a potential transformer in electrical systems?

A potential transformer plays a crucial role in electrical systems by measuring voltage levels. Its primary function is to step down high voltage levels to a lower, manageable level that can be safely used by measuring devices, such as voltmeters or relay systems. This allows for accurate monitoring of voltage without the risks associated with handling high voltage directly.

Potential transformers are essential in protective and control circuits, as they provide a representative voltage that enables operators to assess the operating conditions of the electrical system. By stepping down the voltage while maintaining proportionality, these transformers facilitate the safe measurement of high voltages, which is critical for system reliability and safety.

In contrast, other options do not align with the purpose of a potential transformer. For example, increasing current does not reflect the intended function since potential transformers are designed for voltage measurement and reduction, not current amplification. Converting AC to DC pertains to rectifiers, which serve a different role in electrical circuits. Adjusting power factor relates to power factor correction devices such as capacitors or synchronous condensers, which also diverge from the primary purpose of a potential transformer.