What kind of welding process is submerged arc welding?

Submerged arc welding (SAW) is characterized by its use of an electric arc between a continuously fed electrode and the workpiece, which produces significant heat to melt the metals being joined. This process is unique because it is performed beneath a blanket of granular flux, which protects the molten weld from contamination by atmospheric gases and creates a smooth, clean weld.

The correct answer identifies that submerged arc welding can effectively operate with either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC). In practice, both current types are used depending on the specifics of the application and the materials being welded. DC is often preferred for its stable arc and finer control, while AC may be beneficial for certain circumstances, such as welding thicker materials or for specific metal types.

Other available options, such as gas, resistance, or TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding, do not apply to submerged arc welding. Gas welding relies on fuel gases and oxygen for the welding process, resistance welding employs the melting of metals through heat generated by resistance to electric current, and TIG welding involves a non-consumable tungsten electrode. Since submerged arc welding operates on the principle of an electric arc created between an electrode and the base material, the recognition of its capability to use both AC and