What procedure is used to ensure efficient transformer operation?

Forced cooling by fans is essential for ensuring efficient transformer operation, especially for larger transformers that handle significant loads. Transformers generate heat during operation due to losses such as copper loss (I²R loss) and core loss (hysteresis and eddy current losses). If this heat is not effectively dissipated, it can lead to overheating, which may damage the insulation, reduce performance, and ultimately shorten the transformer’s lifespan.

Using fans for forced cooling enhances the airflow around the transformer, increasing the heat transfer rate away from the unit. This helps maintain optimal operating temperatures and prevents overheating, thereby improving the efficiency of the transformer.

While regular inspections, upgrading transformer insulation, and periodic oil changes are all important for maintenance and overall longevity, they do not directly influence the immediate efficiency during operation as significantly as proper cooling does. Inspections are crucial for identifying issues before they become serious problems, better insulation can improve the efficiency in the long run, and oil changes help maintain dielectric strength and cooling capability, but none provide the immediate cooling effect that forced cooling does.