What type of boiler operates at or below 100 kPa?

A boiler that operates at or below 100 kPa is classified as a low pressure boiler. This classification is crucial for safety and regulatory reasons, as different types of boilers operate under varying pressure thresholds which affect their design, construction, and operation. Low pressure boilers are typically used for heating applications such as space heating or hot water production in residential and small commercial settings.

The definition of low pressure boilers allows them to be operated without the extensive and stringent regulations that govern high pressure boilers, which operate above 100 kPa. This distinction ensures that operators and maintenance personnel can follow the appropriate safety guidelines relevant to the pressure level of the boiler they are working with.

Scotch marine boilers and forced draft boilers refer to specific designs and methods of operation rather than the pressure classifications. While these may be low pressure or high pressure depending on their construction and intended use, they do not solely define the pressure category. High pressure boilers specifically denote those that operate above the 100 kPa threshold and are designed to handle the steam and temperature conditions associated with such operations, necessitating stricter regulations for safe handling and usage.