Which process occurs when groundwater is released to the surface?

The correct answer is discharge. This term specifically refers to the process through which groundwater flows out to the surface, which can happen in various forms such as springs, seeps, or when it contributes to surface water bodies like rivers and lakes.

Discharge is a critical component of the hydrological cycle, indicating how underground water moves to the surface, replenishing ecosystems and providing water for various human uses. The importance of discharge lies in its role in maintaining water availability and supporting aquatic habitats.

In contrast, evaporation refers to the process where water is transformed from liquid to vapor, which occurs primarily from surface water bodies and land. Infiltration describes the process whereby water enters the soil from precipitation or surface water, moving downwards into the ground. Condensation is the transformation of water vapor back into liquid water, typically forming clouds in the atmosphere. Each of these processes is distinct and plays a unique role in the overall system of water movement, but only discharge pertains directly to the release of groundwater to the surface.